Timolol

Timolol maleate is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker. In its oral form (Blocadren®), it is used to treat high blood pressure and prevent heart attacks, and occasionally to prevent migraine headaches. In its ophthalmic form (brand names Timoptol® in Italy; Timoptic®), it is used to treat open-angle and occasionally secondary glaucoma by reducing aqueous humour production through blockade of the beta receptors on the ciliary epithelium.

Side effects

The most serious possible side effects include cardiac arrhythmias and severe bronchospasms. Timolol can also lead to fainting, stroke, congestive heart failure, depression, confusion, and impotence.

Usual Dosage

  • Children and Adults: Ophthalmic: Initial: 0.25% solution, instill 1 drop twice daily; increase to 0.5% solution if response not adequate; decrease to 1 drop/day if
  • controlled; do not exceed 1 drop twice daily of 0.5% solution Adults: Oral:
  • Hypertension: Initial: 10 mg twice daily, increase gradually every 7 days, usual dosage: 20-40 mg/day in 2 divided doses; maximum: 60 mg/day
  • Prevention of myocardial infarction: 10 mg twice daily initiated within 1-4 weeks after infarction
  • Migraine headache: Initial: 10 mg twice daily, increase to maximum of 30 mg/day

    • Formulations

  • Gel-forming solution, ophthalmic, as maleate (Timoptic-XE®): 0.25% (2.5 mL, 5 mL); 0.5% (2.5 mL, 5 mL)
  • Solution, ophthalmic, as hemihydrate (Betimol®): 0.25% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL); 0.5% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]
  • Solution, ophthalmic, as maleate: 0.25% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL); 0.5% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]
  • Timoptic®: 0.25% (5 mL, 10 mL); 0.5% (5 mL, 10 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]
  • Solution, ophthalmic, as maleate [preservative free] (Timoptic® OcuDose®): 0.25% (0.2 mL);0.5% (0.2 mL) [single use]
  • Tablet, as maleate (Blocadren®): 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg

    • Brand Names

    In Canada Apo®-Timol, Apo®-Timop, Gen-Timolol®, Nu-Timolol®, Phoxal-timolol®, PMS-Timolol®, Tim-AK®. In United States Betimol®, Blocadren®, Istalol®, Timoptic® OcuDose®. In both Canada and US: Timoptic® and Timoptic-XE®.

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