• jaundice
• fatigue
• dark urine

• abdominal pain 
• loss of appetite
• nausea

• Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

• Chronic infection: 55%-85% of infected persons
• Chronic liver disease: 70% of chronically infected persons
• Deaths from chronic liver disease: 1%-5% of infected persons may die
• Leading indication for liver transplant

• Occurs when blood from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not infected. 
• HCV is spread through sharing needles or "works" when "shooting" drugs, through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth.

Persons at risk for HCV infection might also be at risk for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or HIV.

Recommendations for Testing Based on Risk for HCV Infection

*Anyone who wants to get tested should ask their doctor.

• There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C.
• Do not shoot drugs; if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a treatment programme; if you can't stop, never share needles, syringes, water, or "works", and get vaccinated against hepatitis A & B.
• Do not share personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes).
• If you are a health care or public safety worker, always follow routine barrier precautions and safely handle needles and other sharps; get vaccinated against hepatitis B.
• Consider the risks if you are thinking about getting a tattoo or body piercing. You might get infected if the tools have someone else's blood on them or if the artist or piercer does not follow good health practices.
• HCV can be spread by sex, but this is rare. If you are having sex with more than one steady sex partner, use latex condoms* correctly and every time to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. You should also get vaccinated against hepatitis B.
• If you are HCV positive, do not donate blood, organs, or tissue.

• HCV positive persons should be evaluated by their doctor for liver disease.
• Interferon and ribavirin are two drugs licensed for the treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis C. 
• Interferon can be taken alone or in combination with ribavirin. Combination therapy, using pegylated interferon and ribavirin, is currently the treatment of choice.
• Combination therapy can get rid of the virus in up to 5 out of 10 persons for genotype 1 and in up to 8 out of 10 persons for genotype 2 and 3. 
• Drinking alcohol can make your liver disease worse.

• Number of new infections per year has declined from an average of 240,000 in the 1980s to about 30,000 in 2003.
• Most infections are due to illegal injection drug use.
• Transfusion-associated cases occurred prior to blood donor screening; now occurs in less than one per 2 million transfused units of blood.
• Estimated 3.9 million (1.8%) Americans have been infected with HCV, of whom 2.7 million are chronically infected.
• The risk for perinatal HCV transmission is about 4%
• If coinfected with HIV the risk for perinatal infection is about 19%