Introduction to allergies

What are allergies?

Allergies are a type of hypersensitivity reaction – conditions where the body's immune system overreacts and causes discomfort, damage, and even death in some instances. The allergic reaction is a response produced within 5 – 10 minutes of encountering an specific allergen – any material that exists in the outside world and provokes an allergic response, but is otherwise not necessarily harmful. Common allergens include pollen, house dust mite faeces, various foods, etc. Atopy is the term given to the genetic predisposition to have allergic reactions.

Allergies are caused by the interaction of the allergen with a chemical known as IgE. This is found on the surface of certain cells in our immune system known as mast cells, although later on other chemicals can also be involved. IgE is produced by plasma cells – another type of cell in the immune system – on the first encounter with the allergen. The allergen, when it comes into contact with IgE on mast cells, causes the mast cell to release other chemical mediators, which cause the symptoms of allergies.

This article deals mainly with the science behind allergies, and will also briefly cover common types of allergy, diagnosis, and treatment. More information about specific types of allergies, diagnostic tests for allergies, and treatment options can be found in their own respective articles.

Allergies Guide Index:

MEDIC8 HEALTH GUIDE: ALLERGIES

There are a wide range of substances that people can be allergic to including pollen, house dust mites and pets. This section covers identification and treatment of allergies.

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Allergic rhinitis can be caused by several things including pollen, domestic cats, house dust mites and some drug treatment. Identifying the cause can be tricky.

ANAPHYLAXIS

 

ASTHMA

Asthma is a common condition which is increasing in many parts of the world. Good management is the key to controlling the condition. This article gives helpful advice and insight into reducing asthma attacks.

ASTHMA IN CHILDHOOD

This article focuses on some of the important issues,including concerns about medication and allergen avoidance.

BEE STINGS

Bee stings can be dangerous in sensitive individuals. This article gives an overview of first aid and offers suggestions to reduce the risks in future.

CONJUNCTIVITIS

Conjunctivitis is a common eye infection. This article discusses the most common strains of conjunctivitis, the recommended treatment, and how to prevent it.

FOOD ALLERGIES

This article provides information about food allergies, including diagnosis and treatment.

HAYFEVER

Hayfever (seasonal allergic rhinitis) is caused by an allergy to pollen. This article gives an overview of the condition.

HIVES AND URTICARIA

This article outlines factors that may be involved in this common skin eruption.

HOUSEDUST MITE GUARDS

This article outlines measures to reduce exposure and how specialised covers may help reduce exposure to this common household allergen.

HOUSEDUST MITE ALLERGY

An allergy to housedust mites can cause sinus problems and can trigger asthma and eczema. This article discusses how an allergy is diagnosed and what can be done to help.

PEANUT ALLERGY

This article provides detailed information about the current understanding, investigation and treatment of this allergy.

PREDNISONE

Prednisone is a corticosteriod used to treat inflammatory conditions like asthma and arthritis. This article provides recommendations on how Prednisone should be used.

SINUSITIS

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining and can be a result of an allergy or a nasal infection. This article details the symptoms and treatment of the condition.

Medic8® Family Health Guide : Allergies

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